Because of historical reason, Song Dynasty of China was divided into Northern Song Dynasty (960-1127) and Southern Song Dynasty (1127-1279).

Tombs of Northern Song Dynasty Emperors

Tombs of Northern Song Dynasty emperors are located in the southwest of Gongyi City of Henan Province of China; about 122 kilometers distance from Kaifeng, the capital of Northern Song Dynasty. Here buried 7 emperors of Northern Song Dynasty altogether. Including empress tombs, prince tombs, princess and minister tombs, there are more than 200 tombs in all. Huge tombs groups are just like open-air museum.

The scale of each emperor’s tomb is basically the same. Planted pines in the whole tombs groups. Pine symbolizes longevity in Chinese culture. Each tomb district is made up of Overground Palace and Underground Palace, empress tomb, prince tombs, princess and minister tombs. Built more than ten meters high Divine Wall around Overground Palace and Underground Palace. There are Divine Doors on the four sides. There is a pair of stone lions outside each Divine Door. The stone lion is holy animal in Chinese culture, it can resist evil things.

There are Magpie Platform (Quetai), Divine Way (path leading to the tomb) and Mausoleum Platform from south to north. Both sides of the Divine Way are symmetrical stone statue. There are elephants, Auspicious Birds, horses, sheep, tigers, stelae, imperial tomb officers and generals…

It is known as the Underground Palace under the Mausoleum Platform. Here is the place to bury emperor’s corpse. The scale of Underground Palace is very grand; the depth generally can reach 30 meters. Imitating the building structure of ground palace, Underground Palace is built by the Blue Brick. There are large-scale colored mural paintings on the wall of Underground Palace.

However, In order to rob Song Dynasty wealth, Yuan Dynasty dug the tombs of Northern Song Dynasty emperors after Northern Song Dynasty extinction. Cause the mausoleums to be destroyed.

Tombs of Southern Song Dynasty Emperors

The Southern Song Dynasty was set up in the south of China after Northern Song Dynasty extinction. Emperors of Southern Song Dynasty were fatuous and incapability; and the government of Southern Song Dynasty was corruption. Six emperors of Southern Song Dynasty were buried in Shaoxing. The Southern Song Dynasty’s tombs buildings form was the same as Northern Song Dynasty, but its scale was inferior to Northern Song Dynasty. Very much unfortunate, all treasures of tombs of Southern Song Dynasty emperors were robbed by the soldiers of Yuan Dynasty. Here is a heap of rubble now.

The history has already become past, but we should not forget. The mankind needs peace forever!

Is Jesus Chinese? Is this Arabian Nights?

China’s famous scholar Gong Yu Hai professor put forward a surprising discovery — Jesus is Chinese, after research ancient book Shan Hai Jing for many years. The following is his research conclusion: Jesus is not only a religion or mythical personage, but in fact there is the person in the history. He was Zhuan Xu (2514 B.C. - 2437 B.C.), one of the “Five Emperors” in the China’s remote antiquity; He got back to China after death and resurrection again (Some western scholar think he got back to India); His grave is located in Fuyu county of Jilin Province, China! Jesus is molded again regarding Zhuan Xu as the prototype in the Christianism.

Is Jesus an actual personage in the history? Because of the historical data is insufficient, there is no identical view in the world so far, become the mystery not solved. But Professor Gong Yu Hai researches the famous ancient book Shan Hai Jing for several tens of years, solve this mystery in 2008. This discovery makes the world shocked and known as the most surprising discovery in 2008.

The Shan Hai Jing is a very precious and important historical ancient book in China. This book was written more than 4,000 years ago. The book includes precious world ancient civilization historical data. But because of the times of this book are very remote and the language is hard to understand. It is very difficult to read. This is a very mysterious book. There is not any expert who can understand this book so far. So it is known as “The first strange book in China”. Professor Gong Yu Hai researches this book in all his life and finds this startling conclusion at last.

Professor Gong Yu Hai finds after studying: The mankind had once had common languages in the very remote antiquity. An old center empire existed in the earth at that time. This center empire was once the center of politics, the center of economy, the center of science and culture in whole world. Zhuan Xu was born in 2948 B.C. in this center empire. He set up his own manor at the age of 10 (His manor is located in present Fuyu county of Jilin Province in northeast of China); He inherit the emperor’s location at the age of 20; He go to the west to preach at the age of 30.

The old center empire instituted the policy that politics and religion unify. The supreme ruler is the religion founder and the supreme hierarch too. He must be responsible for creating the religion and work of preaching. The religion that Zhuan Xu set up is present Christianity. Zhuan Xu is Jesus’ prototype. However, in about A.D. one, in order to adapt to the society at that time, the fanatic religious reformer recomposed the old Christianity doctrine content and history. This has caused present people not to know “Does Jesus really exist?” Professor Gong Yu Hai has already published the special Chinese thesis to describe this question in detail.

Note: Though this article is published in the Mysterious China Blog. But it only represents Professor Gong Yu Hai’s view.

As the great man of the generation, Mao Zedong has made enormous contributions for Chinese nation. He leads the people of the whole China to make the victory of the liberation enterprise; He leads China to go on the socialist road; He has established the firm foundation for the common prosperity of the whole Chinese people and the prosperous and strong of the country; Mao Zedong make great contributions for liberation of the oppressed nation in the whole world and the cause of human progress.

“The east is red, the sun rises, emerged a Mao Zedong in China” This is a song known by everybody in China. Mao Zedong is likened into the sun in the song. How’s sublime is status of Mao Zedong in the minds of Chinese people!

Mao Zedong is the greatest military strategist in China’s history. He leads the Communist Party of China to defeat the Japanese invader, has unified China’s Mainland. On October 1, 1949, Mao Zedong stood on the Tiananmen Rostrum, solemn announced to the whole world: The People’s Republic of China is established formally.

Mao Zedong is the greatest revolutionist in China’s history. He transforms one incoherent, semifeudal and semicolonial old China into brand-new and unified People’s Republic that the people master one’s own affairs.

Mao Zedong is a practical economist. He pays attention to national economic development and improves the people’s livelihood. In order to safeguard national sovereignty and dignity, Mao Zedong insists on developing economy, poor old China transformed into one prosperous new China.

Mao Zedong is a sophisticated diplomat. He attaches importance to diplomatic strategy. Mao Zedong dares to say “no” to the unreasonable demand of the Soviet Union. At the crucial moment, He utilize famous “ping-pong diplomacy”, have opened the cooperative gate of China and the United States. He has created “The third world” theory, become the third world the worshipped leader.

Mao Zedong is a great national hero. He attaches importance to national solidarity. Mao Zedong insists and implements “regional autonomy of ethnic minorities” in the minority nationality area. He is resolute and brave maintenance unification of the motherland. He resolute carried on the counterattack of frontier in the face of India invading to the territory of China; Even faced up to the strong military pressure of Soviet Union which has several tens of thousands of tank and thousands of battleplane, He does not give up easily one small Zhenbao Island. He once said:” fight for every inch of land”.

Mao Zedong is the most probity leader in China. He is probity in all one’s life. As the Chinese top leader, he live the hard work and plain lifestyle, most sumptuous food is only a bowl of “pork braised in brown sauce”. He hates the corrupt official and requires his children and progeny are honest and probity.

Mao Zedong is the “The Great Liberator” of Chinese people. He adheres to one’s own idea in all one’s life: “Serve the People”. Any emperor is all for oneself from ancient times to the present. Only Mao Zedong holds the big flag “Serve the People” all the time. Any emperor in China history is too far behind to catch up him.

Mao Zedong is the leader who has backbone. Mao Zedong is just and dare to say “No” to Soviet Union and U.S.A.! Dare to defend national rights and benefit. Dare to withstand the “The surgery” type attack threat of Soviet Union and U.S.A. and produced “Two Bombs and one Satellite”(atomic bomb, hydrogen bomb and East Red Satellite). Chinese people have already lived the peaceful life of 60 years in “nuclear umbrella” that Mao Zedong opened.

Mao Zedong is the educationist greater than Confucius. He attaches importance to education. He point out clearly: “the education must serve workers, peasants and soldiers, must combine with productive labor, must train all-round students of virtue, intelligence and sports developing”. Insist on “compulsory education” under the situation with very difficult national economy. Implement compulsory education for 11 years and the university didn’t charge the tuition fee at Mao Zedong era.

Mao Zedong is the most remarkable leader in China history. Mao Zedong is learned and versatile. He is a great poet; he is a great thinker; he is a great military strategist; he is a great philosopher even more.

Mao Zedong had set up the People’s Republic of China where the people master one’s own affairs. He devoted all one’s life efforts to the people who one’s own motherland and he love. Mao Zedong is the national hero who Chinese nation is proud of! Mao Zedong is the deathless national soul that light throughout the ages!

The Republic of China ruled China’s Mainland in 1912 - 1949 following Qing Dynasty, withdrew from China’s Mainland after 1949, administer Taiwan now. 1912 - 1949 is the darkest, most painful, most confused era in China history. The Republic of China is a very important transitional period in China’s history. That was a confused times. The political event was complicated and the country situation was in turmoil. China was in separatism warlord regimes and semi-colonial and semi-feudal society in that period.

The Japan launched the war of aggression against China in 1937. The War of Resistance of Chinese nation began from then on. Through the arduous war of resistance of eight years, the Chinese people paid the extremely disastrous cost, made the winning of war of anti-aggression completely at last. Japan announced the unconditional surrender on August 15, 1945. The Kuomintang launched the civil war in the same year. The Communist Party of China overthrew the Kuomintang government in 1949 through the war of liberation of three years. Chiang Kai Shek, president of the Kuomintang, ran away to Taiwan finally.

The 300,000 masses gathered in the Tiananmen Square Beijing on October 1, 1949 and held the founding ceremony. Mao Zedong, president of People’s Central Government, declared to the whole world: The People’s Republic of China is established formally.

Chinese nation in the East of the world is a peace-loving nationality. Chinese nation once made great contributions to the human civilization with long and magnificent culture, why will lag behind in modern times, will be invaded by small Japan. China once set oneself up as “The Great Kingdom”, this kind of proud honor in the past was turned into a heavy burden, slowed advancing steps of Chinese nation. History advanced will not wait for any nationality. The proposition that history imposes on a nationality sometimes can’t be chosen. We know that the best method which defeats the enemy is to enable one’s own real power.

Reviewing the Chinese people’s struggle history in the last hundred years when we stand in the turn of the century. We can clearly find, Do not have any period to compare with this period in China history — The quandary interweaving with hope, dark and light fight, justice and evil struggle. These formed the dark and heartquake China’s modern history.

The corruption of Ming Dynasty and the rebellion of Li Zicheng insurrectionary army accelerated the extinction of the Ming Dynasty. The Qing Dynasty of China north seized the chance to capture the regime of China. The Qing Dynasty was the dynasty that Manchu set up. It was the last dynasty of feudal autocratic monarchy in China’s history. (Manchu is an ethnic minority of China). The life-span of Qing Dynasty is 296 years. There are 12 emperors in all.

Though there was some development in science and technology, medical science, mathematics, the building, agronomy, etc. in Qing Dynasty. But in order to keep the dominant position of Manchu. The emperor of Qing Dynasty implemented the wrong policy on ethnic affairs; Ban on maritime trade and intercourse with Europe countries at the same time. Seclusion and despise the thought and technology of Europe. Though these policies have safeguarded the social stability temporarily, cause to the nation problem and country weak in latter period of Qing Dynasty. The emperor of Qing Dynasty does not pay attention to the military development, do not allow the army to use guns. (In fact there were cannons and firelocks in Ming Dynasty. The army of Ming Dynasty once defeated the army of Qing Dynasty with the guns, so the emperor of Qing Dynasty disliked guns very much.) In the meantime, the industrial revolution that can influence the world happen in the Occident countries. The Bastille is captured; the steam engine is invented; U.S.A. has published the Declaration of Independence. But the Qing Dynasty was self-importance and blindly arrogant at that moment. Thus cause to lose the good chance of the reform. The emperor was fatuous in later period of Qing Dynasty. Government and army all corrupt very much. The soldiers all took opium(a kind of drugs), had totally lost fighting capacity. The ancient country of China that has the magnificent civilization for 5,000 years has lagged behind. Fell into the abyss of semi-feudal semi-colonial finally.

The Qing Dynasty became the new target which colonialists invaded such as Britain, France, etc. colonialism countries in latter period. The western countries headed by Britain successively launched the Opium War (1840-1842) twice. The Qing Dynasty was defeated. The Qing dynasty government had been forced to sign a series of unequal treaties. The emperor Guang Xu began “Wu Xu Reform” in 1898, but the blocking of conservative power led to the fact the reform failed. The Xinhai Revolution broke out in 1911. Many provinces declared independence successively. The last an emperor of Qing Dynasty — Puyi gave up the throne. The Qing Dynasty was over. China’s feudal society was over. But China had fallen into confusion at that time.

I have already finished introducing the ancient history of China so far. Through the China history, everybody can clear find out: The extinction of any dynasty is all cause of self. Arrogant blindly, no attempt, no progress, does not reform, corruption… I remember a famous dictum of great Chairman Mao: “Modesty helps people go forward; conceit makes people lag behind.” This is the truth that never will change. There is no eternal dynasty, there is only eternal history.

The insurrectionary army led by Zhu YuanZhang captured the capital of Yuan Dynasty – Beijing in August of 1368, declared the extinction of Yuan Dynasty. Zhu YuanZhang set up Ming Dynasty. This is the dynasty that the Han nationality set up again, this has paved the way for China further development in the future.

Zhu YuanZhang alleviated peasant’s burden and resumed economic production of the society after Ming Dynasty setting up. He reformed the unreasonable administration of local official that Yuan Dynasty left and punished the government official of corruption. The society developed in various fields in the Ming Dynasty. No matter the tool of production, or the yield, the development of agriculture has already exceeded the former dynasty in the middle period of Ming Dynasty. The development of agriculture has liberated more workforces, have further promoted the development of handicraft industry and commerce. The blue-white porcelain and Xuan De censer etc. of the Ming Dynasty has already become the rare work of art today. In addition, it was rapid that the science and culture of the Ming Dynasty developed, three in China four great famous books were written out in the Ming Dynasty (Three Kingdoms, Heroes of the Marshes, Journey to the West). Famous Chinese seafarer Zhen He once led ocean fleet and was send to other countries as an envoy, reached the east coast of Africa farthest, Thus has strengthened the economy exchange the Ming Dynasty with other countries in the world.

The economy scale of the Ming Dynasty was the first in the world at that time, but the political system of the Ming Dynasty was the most extreme autocratic system of centralization in ancient China history, Emperor and minister were not harmony, lead to the fact minister and official slack off and corrupt finally. Ming Dynasty was eliminated by Qing Dynasty in 1644. The Ming Dynasty went through 17 generations altogether, 16 emperors, amounted to 276 years.

Yuan Dynasty was a huge dynasty which was set up by the Mongolian nationality, It is the first dynasty which the ethnic minority rule in China history and its territory is the biggest in China history.

The Mongolian nationality is an old nationality, They have been living a nomadic life all the time. A remarkable leader appeared in the Mongols in the 12th century — Genghis Khan. Genghis Khan set up “Yeke Mongghol Ulus” in A.D.1206 (Yeke Mongghol Ulus meaning is great Mongolia empire). The Mongolian nationality became powerful gradually under Genghis Khan’s leadership , carried on the war of aggression and expand its territory constantly. The Mongolian nationality set up Yuan Dynasty in Beijing in A.D. 1271, from then on, Beijing became the political and economic center of China gradually. Yuan Dynasty captured the Sung Dynasty capital Hangzhou in A.D. 1276 and unified China. After this, the Mongols continued being warring, attacked West Asia and Europe with the strong army, attacked Japan and Vietnam twice, attacked Korea and Burma, turned Korea and Burma into a dependency of Yuan Dynasty. The Mongols carried on the war of aggression relying on the strong army, the result of the war is that set up a very huge empire. But serial wars of conquering have brought enormous destruction to numerous old civilization of Eurasia, have brought the enormous disaster to people in the Eurasia.

Because the territory of Yuan Dynasty has expanded to West Asia, The contacts between Europe and China were more frequent, the exchange of technology is faster. The businessman of Venice Marco Polo had once been to China in Yuan Dynasty, detailed noted prosperous scene of the capital of Yuan Dynasty at that time in record of “Marco Polo travel notes”. The emperor of Yuan Dynasty was in order to meet the material demand, levied various taxes from the people constantly. This caused people resist brutal governance of Yuan Dynasty in various forms finally, Zhu Yuan Zhang (The famous peasant uprising general) led the strong insurrectionary army, captured the capital of Yuan Dynasty in A.D. 1368, governance of the Yuan Dynasty finish. Zhu Yuan Zhang set up another dynasty in China history — The Ming Dynasty.

It can make people wise to study history, through this phase of history in China, we can find out: the war is wrong choice of the dynast, though it meet the desire of dynast, but it injures the common people, even if you are very strong, will become extinct finally.

In the impressions of most people, the summit of the Chinese feudalism dynasty is the Tang Dynasty, actually this is not so. The Sung Dynasty economy and culture is most prosperous, science and technology is most developed, living standard of the people is wealthiest in Chinese history. The science invention of Sung Dynasty is most in the world at that time, over half of important invention in China’s history appear in Sung Dynasty, three inventions of Chinese four inventions got extensive application in Sung Dynasty, Such as gunpowder, compass, typography, paper money, spinning and weaving craft, important reform of porcelain craft, etc.. Sung Dynasty navigation, shipbuilding, medicine, craft, agriculture technology reached the unprecedented height in Chinese ancient times, the compass began to equip the seagoing ship in Song Dynasty. The shipbuilding engineering level of Sung Dynasty was the first of the world at that time. These cause trade of Song Dynasty to reach the unprecedented prosperity. The trade of the whole year of Sung Dynasty exceeds the total amount of other countries in the world. The Chinese businessman of Sung Dynasty nearly controls the main port from Chinese coast to east coast of Africa and Red Sea. The GDP of Sung Dynasty accounts for 50% of the whole world at that time. National population had already exceeded 150 million in Sung Dynasty, there are 5 cities where population exceed million. No matter quality or quantity, the comprehensive national strength of Sung Dynasty is the first in the world at that time.

Sung Dynasty paid attention to agricultural production, cultivated the wasteland and built irrigation project by a large scale, improve the agricultural implements, lead to the agriculture develops rapidly. The currency of Sung Dynasty is copper cash, silver cash and paper money that Sung Dynasty official issue the world initially. The period of Sung Dynasty metal mineral resources have more than 270 places, increase more than 100 places compared with the Tang Dynasty. The silk and flax industry of Sung Dynasty are very developed. The export goods included silk, the porcelain, candy, fabrics, tea, metal, etc. in Song Dynasty; import goods include ivory, coral, agate, pearl, etc.

Sung Dynasty was the supreme period of China’s feudal social development, the height that its material progress and spiritual civilization reached, is unique within the Chinese whole historical period of feudal society. If say that Tang Dynasty is the strongest dynasty in China’s history, so, Sung Dynasty is the wealthiest dynasty in China’s history.

The Tang Dynasty is one of the most important dynasties in China’s history, is one of the generally acknowledged Chinese most prosperous and powerful era too, and one of the dynasty with longest history, amounts to 276 years. We can say that the Tang Dynasty is golden age in China’s history.

The first emperor of the Tang Dynasty Li Yuan overthrew the tyranny of Sui Dynasty in A.D. 618, set up the Tang Dynasty. He make a series of reform, so, in the Tang Dynasty, China’s economy, politics, military affairs, diplomacy, culture, etc. are unprecedentedly prosperous. It is a prominent characteristic in the Tang Dynasty that military strength is strong. Through the incessant reform, the political system of the Tang Dynasty forms a set of complete and rigorous systems of officials from central to local. The education system of the Tang Dynasty has influenced China for 1300 years. In the Tang Dynasty, the influence of Buddhism reaches the summit in China.

In the Tang Dynasty, social economy is fast growing. The technology of agricultural production improves, the cereals outturn increases; the handicraft industry level is improved, the products are more abundant; the commercial scope is expanded, the south and north economic interaction are close. Because of the Tang Dynasty economy was developed, culture was in the world-leading position at that time, the culture exchange was very frequent with a lot of countries.

The literature get surprising development in the Tang Dynasty, accomplishment was splendid such as religious thought, literature and art, historiography, science and technology, etc., In addition, the society is open, folk life is colorful, these make the Tang Dynasty appear the high-level civilization. The Tang Dynasty is one of the strongest countries in the world at that time.

Until now, some occidental call Chinese “Tang people”, we can find out enormous influence and status of the Tang Dynasty in China’s history from this.