The last feudalism dynasty — Qing Dynasty became extinct in China history in 1911. Republic of China was established on January 1, 1912. Sun Zhongshan took the post as the temporary president. The temporary capital was set up in Nanjing. Sun Zhongshan resigned in April of 1912, temporary Senate selected Yuan Shikai (Yuan Shikai was a premier minister in Qing Dynasty period) taking the post as the temporary president.
The Republic of China ruled China’s Mainland in 1912 - 1949 following Qing Dynasty, withdrew from China’s Mainland after 1949, administer Taiwan now. 1912 - 1949 is the darkest, most painful, most confused era in China history. The Republic of China is a very important transitional period in China’s history. That was a confused times. The political event was complicated and the country situation was in turmoil. China was in separatism warlord regimes and semi-colonial and semi-feudal society in that period.
The Japan launched the war of aggression against China in 1937. The War of Resistance of Chinese nation began from then on. Through the arduous war of resistance of eight years, the Chinese people paid the extremely disastrous cost, made the winning of war of anti-aggression completely at last. Japan announced the unconditional surrender on August 15, 1945. The Kuomintang launched the civil war in the same year. The Communist Party of China overthrew the Kuomintang government in 1949 through the war of liberation of three years. Chiang Kai Shek, president of the Kuomintang, ran away to Taiwan finally.
The 300,000 masses gathered in the Tiananmen Square Beijing on October 1, 1949 and held the founding ceremony. Mao Zedong, president of People’s Central Government, declared to the whole world: The People’s Republic of China is established formally.
Chinese nation in the East of the world is a peace-loving nationality. Chinese nation once made great contributions to the human civilization with long and magnificent culture, why will lag behind in modern times, will be invaded by small Japan. China once set oneself up as “The Great Kingdom”, this kind of proud honor in the past was turned into a heavy burden, slowed advancing steps of Chinese nation. History advanced will not wait for any nationality. The proposition that history imposes on a nationality sometimes can’t be chosen. We know that the best method which defeats the enemy is to enable one’s own real power.
Reviewing the Chinese people’s struggle history in the last hundred years when we stand in the turn of the century. We can clearly find, Do not have any period to compare with this period in China history — The quandary interweaving with hope, dark and light fight, justice and evil struggle. These formed the dark and heartquake China’s modern history.
